Myrtle is native to southern Europe and northern Africa. It is an evergreen shrub or small tree growing up to 5 meters high. The leaves, 3-5cm long, are very fragrant thanks to their high essential oil content. The plant has star-like white flowers and round blue black berries. The common myrtle (Myrtus communis), also known as true myrtle, is widely cultivated in the Mediterranean basin as an ornamental shrub, for its fragrant white flowers in later summer.

The olive tree is an evergreen tree, native to the Mediterranean basin. It lives over 100 years. The leathery leaves are dark green on the top side and silvery on the bottom. The small white scentless flowers blossom April to May. The olive fruit is harvested in the green to deep purple stage late autumn beginning of winter.

The first word for Olea appeared in Linear B on clay tablets found in Greece and is derived from the Greek word elaa or, according to Theophrastus, elaia directly correlated to the Greek word eleon meaning oil.

Thyme is a very important plant for beekeeping in Greece. The common thyme (usually cultivated) is the species Thymus vulgaris L. which is a small woody aromatic evergreen shrub 20-40cm high. It lives around 7 years and has small, narrow, gray-green oval shaped leaves. Its pink, lilac and white flowers bloom in June and July. It is a very drought resistant plant as it needs very little water to grow and survive. It grows well in pots when placed in a sunny spot. 23 species of thyme are found in Greece. Thymus vulgaris is native to all countries of the Mediterranean basin and cultivated in countries such as China, Russia and the USA. The fresh partially dried leaves and flowering tops are steam distilled to produce thyme essential oil.

The Mastic tree is a perennial shrub usually 2-3 meters high but can grow up to 5 meters. It is the only variety that produces the aromatic ivory colored resin known as "mastiha" or mastic gum. It reaches full development in 40-50 years and lives up to 100 years. The unique soil and climate conditions favored the production of the mastic resin on Chios, a Greek island in North-Eastern Aegean Sea.

According to historical references the Mastic tree was cultivated on Chios since the 1st century and was used for pharmaceutical purposes. The name Chios in the Phoenician language means mastic (mastiha) due to the fact that the resin was only produced by the particular variety which grows only on the island.

Eucalyptus commonly known as "blue gum" is native to Australia and Tasmania and cultivated in the Mediterranean. It is an evergreen tree that typically grows to 35 meters. The dried bark sheds in large strips leaving the trunk smooth with a white-gray color. The leaves, hanging from the tree, are long and leathery. The juvenile leaves have a green pale color whereas the mature ones are gray-green. The flowers are white with a nice aroma and produce high quality nectar that makes it fine food for the bees. Eucalyptus was introduced into Greece by the botanist and literary Theodore Orphanides in 1862. Eucalyptus drains the moist soil thanks to its high evaporating properties and purifies the air.